Volcano
Opening in the Earth’s surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash and lava
Vent
Opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth’s surface
Crater
Steep walled depression around a volcano’s vent
Magma
Hot melted rock below the Earth’s surface
Magma Chamber
Deep well underground that holds magma under a volcano
Lava
Thick gooey molten rock material flowing from volcanoes onto Earth’s surface
Plate Tectonics
Earth’s crust, and upper mantle are broken into plates that flow and move around on plastic-like layer of the mantle
Divergent Plate Boundary
Boundary between two plates that are moving apart
Convergent Plate Boundary
place where Earth’s plates move toward each other
Shield Volcano
Broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of lava. Found mostly where Earth’s plates move apart from each other. Formed from basaltic lava.
Tephra
Bits of rocks and solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruptions; range in size from volcanic ashes to volcanic bombs and blocks
Cinder Cone Volcano
Steep sides, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground. Formed from andesitic lava.
Composite Volcano
Volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; has broad base with a steep top; found mostly where Earth’s plates come together and one plate sinks below the other. Formed from granitic magma.
Hot Spot
Unusually hot area where magma breaks through the crust and forms a volcano. Not at a plate boundary. This is how Hawaii formed.
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